Page 19 - 2005GR_ING

Individual Pension System 2005 Progress Report

1.3 Türkiye’de Sosyal Güvenliğe İlişkin Çalışmalar ve Gelişmeler
Activities and Developments Related to Social Security in Turkey

Ülkemizde sosyal güvenli¤i ilgilendiren kanunlar›n The government chose to delay submitting changes in
TBMM’de görüflülmesi, IMF’nin kredi serbest b›rakma social security laws in Turkey to parliament until the
koflullar›nda kolayl›k sa¤lamas›yla, sosyal taraflar›n beginning of 2006 in view of the IMF’s upcoming renewal
görüfllerinin daha fazla dikkate al›nmas› gerekçesiyle of the terms of the stand-by agreement and also on the
2006 y›l› bafl›na ertelenmifltir. Bu kapsamda “Sosyal grounds that greater attention needed to be given to
Sigortalar ve Genel Sa¤l›k Sigortas› Kanunu Tasar›s›” the views of all of the elements of society involved. At
Meclis’te görüflülmeyi beklerken “Sosyal Güvenlik present, parliamentary debate over the social security
Kurumu Kanun Tasar›s› ile Sosyal Yard›mlar ve Primsiz and general health insurance law is imminent while the
Ödemeler Kanunu Tasar›s›” taslaklar› kamunun genel Social Security Institution Bill and the Social Assistance
görüflüne aç›lm›flt›r. and the Premium-free Coverage Bills are still undergoing
public debate.
Yeni yap›da tüm sosyal güvenlik kurulufllar›n›n tek çat›
alt›nda toplanmas› ve bireylerin hak ve yükümlülüklerinde The overall objective of the government is to bring about
norm ve standart birli¤ine ulafl›lmas› hedeflenmektedir. a new structure in which all social security institutions
Di¤er taraftan aktuaryal parametreleri tekrar düzenlenen are under a single overarching roof and there is uniformity
sistemin finansal aç›klar›n›n zaman içinde giderilmesi in the norms and standards of beneficiaries’ rights and
planlanmaktad›r. 1994-2004 y›llar› aras›nda sosyal obligations. Second but no less important is a plan to
güvenlik transferlerinin iç borçlanma faiz oran› ile redefine the system’s actuarial parameters and eliminate
nemaland›r›lmas› suretiyle yap›lan hesaplamalarda its financial deficits. In the Ministry of Finance justifications
aç›klar›n güncel de¤erinin 475 milyar YTL (Maliye for the 2006 annual budget, it is stated that the current
Bakanl›¤›; 2006 Y›l› Bütçe Gerekçeleri) oldu¤u value of these deficits (as calculated using the Treasury’s
kaydedilmifltir. internal borrowing interest rate on social security transfers
made between 1994 and 2004) is on the order of
Düzenlenecek temel aktuaryal parametreler aras›nda YTL 475 billion. (Ministry of Finance, 2006 Budget
emeklilik yafl›, ayl›k ba¤lama oranlar› ve prim ödeme Explanations)
say›s› bulunmaktad›r. Buna göre; emeklilik yafl›nda,
Kanunun yürürlü¤e girece¤i tarih itibariyle bir de¤ifliklik Among the fundamental changes in actuarial parameters
öngörülmemekle birlikte, tasar›ya göre 2036-2048 y›llar› that are envisaged are: retirement age, replacement
aras›nda, iki y›lda bir, ilk kez sigortal› olanlar›n emeklilik rates and number of days that must be worked before
yafllar› birer yafl artmakta, 2048 y›l›nda kad›n ve erkek becoming eligible for retirement. Although there is no
için 65 yafl olacak olan emeklilik yafl›, 2075’e kadar change expected for the retirement age on the
kademeli olarak 68’e ç›kmaktad›r. Ancak Kanunun enforcement date of the law, according to the bill, for
yürürlü¤e girece¤i tarihten sonra, prim ödeme gün the first time insurants, it will be increased 1 year per
say›s›n›n, ilk kez sigortal› olacaklar için 7.000 günden every two years between 2036-2048 years, and increase
9.000 güne ç›kar›lmas› planlanmaktad›r. Yafll›l›k ayl›¤›n›n to 68 by 2075 from 65 in 2048 which will be equally
ba¤lanma esaslar›nda yap›lan de¤iflikli¤e göre; ayl›k applicable for both genders. However, after the
ba¤lama oran›, ortalama ayl›¤›n 31 Aral›k 2016 y›l›na enforcement date of the law, for the new insurants,
kadar %2,5’i, 1 Ocak 2016 tarihinden itibaren %2’si number of days that must be worked before becoming
olarak de¤iflmektedir. eligible for retirement is planned to increase to 9,000
from 7,000. According to the planned amendments in
Sosyal Sigortalar Kurumu ve Ba¤-Kur borçlar›n›n the replacement rate, this rate is planned to be
ödenmesinde kolayl›k sa¤layan tasar› tasla¤› yasalaflmak 2.5 percent until the end of 2016, and 2 percent after
üzeredir. Taslak, borçlar›n 60 aya kadar taksitlendirilmesini this date.
öngörmektedir. Taslakta tahsilatlar›n etkinli¤ini art›rmaya
yönelik hükümler de bulunmaktad›r. Buna göre, Ba¤- A bill that will facilitate the payment of the premium
Kur’da befl y›l ve daha fazla süreye ait prim borcu debts owed to Social Insurance Institution (SII) and
bulunan sigortal›lar›n, tebli¤ edilen süre içerisinde Bag-Kur (a pension scheme for self-employed persons)
borçlar›n› ödememeleri halinde sigortal›l›¤› is about to be enacted into law. The bill calls for the
durdurulacakt›r. Toplam üç ayl›k prim borcu bulunan payment of outstanding premium obligations in
Ba¤-Kur sigortal›lar›na takip eden bir ay içinde Kurumca installments of up to 60 months. The bill also contains
tebligat yap›lacakt›r. measures that are intended to improve the effectiveness
of premium collections. For example if someone covered
Sosyal güvenlik tart›flmalar›n›n önemli bir bafll›¤› olan by the Bag-Kur plan who has unpaid premiums going
k›dem tazminat› fonu ile ilgili tart›flmalar 2005 y›l› içinde back five years or more does not pay them within a
de sürmüfltür. Ancak bu konuda sosyal taraflar henüz notified period of time, his coverage will be terminated.
bir sonuca ulaflamam›flt›r. Similarly someone who has accumulated three months
of unpaid Bag-Kur premiums is to be served notice
within one month’s time of the fact.

Another important issue in the general debate over social
security is concerned with the severance pays which
remained unresolved in 2005.

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